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An Unsaturated Transient Flow Method for Determining Solute Adsorption by Variable-Charge Soils

^a Div. of Soil Sci., Natl. Inst. of Agro-Environ. Sci., Tsukuba, 305-8604 Japan
^b Kagoshima Tea Exp. Stn., Chiran, Kagoshima, 897-0303 Japan
^c Environment and Risk Management Group, HortResearch Inst., Private Bag 11-030, Palmerston North, New Zealand

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of determination of solute adsorption by the transient, unsaturated flow method. Initial liquid phase concentration of solute species i, Cin, and initial adsorption by soil, Qin, are obtained from the Mi vs. (/) plot for x > x*. s = water content at proximal end of soil column; n = initial water content; Min = initial solute content; = bulk density; x* = plane of separation

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Water and anion content profiles upon absorption of water into Kannondai subsoil premixed with 0.1 M CaCl2. Qn(x>x*) and Cn(x>x*) are the initial Cl- adsorption and the initial liquid phase Cl- concentration deduced from the anion content M vs. (/) plot in the region x > x*. Simulated profiles and the estimated profiles of the liquid phase concentration, C, and adsorption by soil, Q, are based on the inferred Cl- adsorption isotherm (Eq. [5] with K = 0.0238 m3 molc-1 and Qmax = 0.0461 molc kg-1). x* = plane of separation; Mn(x>x*) = initial Cl- content

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Plots of anion content, M, against solution volume per unit mass of soil, (/), in the region x > x* for Column LKS3 premixed with 0.1 M CaCl2

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Profiles of the anion content, M, the liquid phase concentration, C, and adsorption by soil, Q, upon absorption of water into Kannondai subsoil premixed with 0.2 M CaCl2. Estimated C and Q profiles and simulated profiles are based on the Cl- adsorption isotherm inferred from the transient flow experiments

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Profiles of the anion content, M, the liquid phase concentration, C, and adsorption by soil, Q, upon absorption of water into Kannondai subsoil premixed with 0.05 M CaCl2. Estimated C and Q profiles and simulated profiles are based on the Cl- adsorption isotherm inferred from the transient flow experiments

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Plots of anion content, M, against solution volume per unit mass of soil, (/), in the region x > x* for the columns LKS6 premixed with 0.2 M CaCl2 and LKS7 premixed with 0.05 M CaCl2

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Comparison of Cl- adsorption isotherms obtained by the unsaturated transient flow method and the ponded steady-state leaching method. KD = distribution coefficient; Q = the amount of Cl- adsorbed by soil; K = empirical constant; Qmax = maximum adsorption in the Langmuir equation