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Effects of Amphiphilic Amines on Moisture Characteristics of Alluvial and Volcanic Soils

Laboratory of Environmental Soil Physics and Soil Hydrology, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, The Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The t-plots of Amphiphilic Amine-sorbed Alluvial Soil (AS). TMA represents tetramethyl ammonium. TMPA represents trimethyl phenyl ammonium. HDTMA represents hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The t-plots of Amphiphilic Amine-sorbed Volcanic Soil (VS). TMA represents tetramethyl ammonium. TMPA represents trimethyl phenyl ammonium. HDTMA represents hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Fourier transform infrared spectra of hexadexyltrimethyl ammonium (HDTMA)-sorbed/mixed soils. HDTMAC represents hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (a), AS represents alluvial soil (b), AS–HDTMA sorbed (c), AS–HDTMA mixed (d), VS represents volcanic soil (e), VS-HDTMA sorbed (f), and VS–HDTMA mixed (g).

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The change of the wavenumber of methyl/methylene peaks by sorbing/mixing HDTMA to soils. The (a) wavenumber of -OH antisymmetric stretching of sorbed water and (b) the wavenumber of C–H stretching of HDTMA and SOM. Volcanic soil is represented by VS. Hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium is represented by HDTMA. Alluvial soil is represented by AS. Hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride is represented by HDTMAC.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Fourier transform infrared spectra of hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium (HDTMA) in the region of -CH2 rocking bands. The peaks are represented by hydrated powder (a), dry powder (b), sorbed at alluvial soil (c), and aqueous solution above the critical micelle concentration (d).

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of relationship between hydrophobicity of sorbed hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium (HDTMA) (solloid) and residual water.