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Tortuosity of an Unsaturated Sandy Soil Estimated using Gas Diffusion and Bulk Soil Electrical Conductivity

Comparing Analogy-based Models and Lattice–Boltzmann Simulations

^a Unilever Research Colworth, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK 44 1LQ, UK
^b Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Physical Geography, Faculty of Science, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
^c Kramers Laboratorium voor Fysische Technologie, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Technical Univ. Delft, Prins Bernhardlaan 2628 BW, Delft, The Netherlands
^d Instituut voor Informatica, Faculty of Science, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

View larger version (101K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (a) Overview of digitized sample (gray/dark represents soil matrix and white represents pore space). (bcde) Part (200 by 200 pixels) of digitized sample (indicated in a with black lines) at different water contents (black represents soil matrix, gray represents water phase, and white represents gas phase). The size of the digitized sample is 1444 by 2388 pixels and each side of a pixel is 4.4 mm.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Propagation and collision phases for some initial configuration. Arrows denote a particle and its moving direction. When multiple collision states are possible a random selection is made. The collision rules satisfy mass and momentum conservation.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Water retention measurements of sample B6 together with the fitted curve.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Measured (sample B1) and fitted relative electrical conductivity (above) and measured (sample A261) and fitted relative gas diffusion coefficient (below) as a function of water content of a cover sand.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. (a) Measured and (b) lattice–Boltzman simulated diffusional ratios. The averaged curves of the analogy-based models are also indicated in Fig. 5a.