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Spatial Modeling of Nitrifier Microhabitats in Soil

^a Laboratoire d'Ecologie microbienne, U.M.R. C.N.R.S. 5557. UCB Lyon I, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918. 69622 Villeurbanne, Cedex, France
^b Centre de Pédologie Biologique, UPR 6831 CNRS-Université Henri-Poincaré, Nancy I, 17 rue Notre Dame des Pauvres BP5, 54 501 Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy
^c Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, U.M.R. C.N.R.S. 5558, UCB Lyon I, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, Cedex, France

View larger version (57K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Flow chart of simulation procedure for the spatial pattern of nitrifier microhabitats. The two examples represent a section of the three-dimensional simulation for one value of d. The letter d denotes density of units taking the value one (bold character for random distribution, noted as 1) or of size 50 elementary unit harboring at least one bacteria. The letter a denotes size of the aggregate side (number of size 50 elementary units) when Q = 1. The initial positive VU is the center of the aggregate (noted 1) (a = 3 or 5). Q: Probability that each adjacent unit in an aggregate belongs to same aggregate (Q = 0.3 or 0.7).

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Graph of agreement zone between experimental and simulated results from the aggregated distribution a = 5, Q = 0.2. The confidence interval around simulated probabilities for a size c VU that is positive as a function of d (d [0.1%, 12%]) is indicated by dotted lines. These were obtained by virtual sampling (c = 1, 2, 5, 10) of 300 grids issued from an aggregated distribution a = 5, Q = 0.2. The confidence interval around the experimental values is indicated by horizontal lines and brackets. The agreement zone (d [5.2, 5.9]) between the simulated and experimental results is indicated by the vertical lines.

View larger version (72K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. An example of a simulated spatial pattern for NO-2 oxidizer colonized patches obtained from the random distribution of irregular aggregates (d = 5.5%, a = 5 and probability of positive cubes in an aggregate Q = 0.2). Each cube (50-µm side) harbored at least one bacterium. The whole simulation is for a 1-mm side cube of soil.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. (a) Kinetics of positive NO-2 oxidizers (proportion) cultures in VU sizes 100, 250, or 500 and (b) normalized kinetics for the presence of positive VUs at a given time versus the number of maximum positive VU obtained at the end of the incubation, as a function of time.