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Management Effects on Barley Straw Decomposition, Nitrogen Release, and Crop Production

New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research, Ltd., Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) Rainfall (bars) and surface (0–10 cm) soil temperature (line) between 1 May 1997 and 16 Feb. 1998 and (B) the predicted soil moisture deficit (mm) in the irrigated and nonirrigated (rainfed) soils (0–20 cm) during the period of summer irrigation (3 Nov. 1997–13 Feb. 1998).

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effects of time-of-incorporation and irrigation on the percentage of initial barley straw remaining over 320 d of decay. AI = autumn incorporated, SI = spring incorporated, Irr = summer irrigated, NIrr = nonirrigated. Values are means (n = 6) of mass remaining data expressed on an ash-free dry weight (AFDW) basis. Error bars are least significant differences (LSD, P = 0.05, d.f. = 15) for within sample date comparisons.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effects of time-of-incorporation and irrigation on the total mass loss of barley straw during the fallow and cropping phase. Irr = summer irrigated, NIrr = nonirrigated. Values are means (n = 6) of mass loss data expressed on an ash-free dry weight (AFDW) basis. The LSD bar (P = 0.05, d.f. = 15) is for comparisons of total mass loss (Fallow + cropping phase).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effects of time-of-incorporation and irrigation on substrate-induced respiration (SIR) rates from barley straw over 320 d of decay. AI = autumn incorporated, SI = spring incorporated, Irr = summer irrigated, NIrr = nonirrigated. Symbols represent means (n = 6) of SIR expressed on an ash-free dry weight (AFDW) basis. Error bars are least significant differences LSD (P = 0.05, d.f. = 15) for within date comparisons.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. The relationship between overall average SIR rates and the total mass loss of barley straw at harvest. The symbols represent values from individual treatment plots. The solid line is the linear regression of straw mass on SIR (equation and r2 are shown).

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Effects of time-of-incorporation and irrigation on the N remaining in barley straw over 320 d of decay.AI = autumn incorporated, SI = spring incorporated, Irr = summer irrigated, NIrr = nonirrigated. Symbols represent means (n = 6) of SIR expressed on an ash-free dry weight (AFDW) basis. Error bars are least significant differences (LSD) (P = 0.05, d.f. = 15) for within date comparisons.

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Effects of time-of-incorporation and irrigation on topsoil mineral N levels at three depths during the 320-d study period. AI = autumn incorporated, SI = spring incorporated, Irr = summer irrigated, NIrr = nonirrigated. Bars represent means (n = 6) of total mineral N partitioned by sample depth. Error bars are LSD (P = 0.05, d.f. = 15) for within date comparisons of total mineral N. On all sample dates, the treatments follow the same order as given for 15 May.