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Organic Carbon Leaching from Effluent Irrigated Lysimeters as Affected by Residence Time

^a Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, the Volcani Center, ARO, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
^b Unit de Science du Sol, INRA, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France
^c Institute of Field and Garden Crops, the Volcani Center, ARO, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Average water consumption of Eucalyptus camaldulensis trees grown in the sand-packed lysimeters under leaching fraction 0.2 (LF 0.2) and intermittent-leaching regimes with the secondary effluent.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Average (and standard error) yearly residence times of soil solution within the lysimeters as affected by soil type, irrigation regime, and presence of a Eucalyptus tree.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Average (and standard error) residence times (RTs) of the soil solution within the lysimeters under the leaching fraction 1 (LF 1) regime (no tree in the lysimeter) as related to the soil type and the time of the year.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Average (and standard error) concentrations of total organic C (TOC) in leachate from planted and not-planted lysimeters as affected by the type of irrigation water (A, effluent; B, fertigation), type of soil, and leaching regime.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Concentration of total organic C (TOC) in the leachates from the lysimeters of all treatments with respect to the electrical conductivity ratio (ECleachate/ECirrigation ratio) of the leachate samples. The power regression fit was calculated only for the TOC in leachates from the sand-packed effluent irrigated lysimeters.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Recovery of effluent total organic C (TOC) in the leachates from the three soils under all effluent-irrigation regimes. The recoveries are presented with respect to the estimated residence time of the leachate water in the soil column. The power regression line was calculated for the data from the sand-packed lysimeters using [Eq. 2].

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Dissolved and colloidal organic C/total organic C (DOC/TOC) ratio in the oxidation pond effluent and in the leachates from the sand-packed lysimeters as affected by the leaching treatments.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Size fractions of dissolved and colloidal organic C (DOC) as percentages (average and SE) of total DOC in oxidation pond effluent (OPE) and in soil solutions displaced from sand-packed lysimeters. The lysimeters were irrigated for 6 to 7 mo with either (i) OPE or (ii) tap water or (iii) OPE (for 3 mo) and than with tap water. Irrigation was under the deficit-irrigation regime. The size fractions were separated sequentially with membranes having the depicted nominal cutoffs (in µm or kDa).