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Compost, Limestone, and Gypsum Effects on Calcium and Aluminum Transport in Acidic Minespoil

Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Pennsylvania State Univ., 116 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of one segmented soil column. Leachate was moved through the soil using a mechanical vacuum extractor at a flow rate of 38 mm h-1. Leaching was conducted by alternating six times a) leaching of 40 mL of solution sequentially through all three segments and b) leaching of three 5-mL batches (i) through the surface soil segment only, (ii) through the surface soil segment and then through the first subsoil segment, and (iii) through all three segments. In the second experiment nine consecutive batches of 40 mL were sequentially leached through all three segments before compost was added and the 40-mL leaching and 5-mL sampling scheme was performed.

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Leachate Al (left panel) and Ca (right panel) concentrations. Data for both experiments are printed in one graph because the compost free treatments in first experiment (open symbols) can be assumed to represent the leachate conditions during the preleaching phase (360 mL) in the second experiment, during which no samples were taken. The first data point in the second experiment was taken after the preleaching, but before the surface application of compost, which is indicated by the vertical arrows. Means of two replicates for first experiment and three replicates for the second experiment.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Correlation between the sum of extractable Al and Fe and extractable Ca in the subsoil. Lines calculated by structural analysis assuming the error for both variables was approximately equal (Webster, 1997). C = Control, L = CaCO3, LG = CaCO3 and gypsum.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Solubility diagrams for (a) first segment, first experiment, (b) second segment, first experiment, (c) first segment, second experiment, (d) second segment, second experiment. Parentheses indicate activities. Al3+ activities calculated from total Al concentrations using ECOSAT, accounting for AlSO+4 and CaSO04 complexes. Error bars are for log(SO2-4) - 1 and log(SO2-4) + 1 respectively. C = Control, L = CaCO3, LG = CaCO3 + gypsum, n = no compost, c = 68.8 g kg-1 compost.