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Influence of Initial and Boundary Conditions on Solute Transport through Undisturbed Soil Columns

^a Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6
^b 3-7 University Hall, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2J9

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Soil (a) water potential and soil (b) water content measured at the 10-cm depth of Column 3 during the transient Jw cycles of the transport experiments and the calibration procedure. The data spans a period of approximately 6 mo. Initial conditions of the transient experiments are indicated (dry and wet).

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Soil water contents measured in the four columns. Minimum values (triangles) were measured after 2 d of Jw = 0, maximum values (circles) were measured after 1 d of Jw = 9.0 cm d–1, and midpoint values (diamonds) were measured during continuous Jw = 3.0 cm d–1. Note that horizontal lines correspond to approximate A-B (upper) and B-C (lower) horizon boundaries.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Unit normal deviates of the averaged (t) residuals from the dry and wet transport experiments at the 10-cm depth of Column 3. Roughly 95% of the values fall between the limits (–2,2).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. (a) Soil water content and (b) TDR impedance values measured at the 10-cm depth of Column 3 during the transient Jw calibration. Three calibrating solutions of Cl– were used, 1.1 g L–1 (diamonds), 1.5 g L–1 (squares), and 1.9 g L–1 (triangles).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. (a) The relationship between –1 and for the three calibrating solutions of Cl– and (b) the transient calibration coefficients calculated using the best fits of Eq. [10] from the 10-cm depth of Column 3.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Transient Jw calibration coefficients from the eight measurements depths in Column 3 presented as a (a) function of transient , and (b) all steady Jw calibration coefficients from the four columns presented as a function of steady .

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Breakthrough curves measured in Column 2 during the steady Jw = 3.0 cm d–1 transport experiment. Concentrations (g L–1) are predicted with ßs.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Cumulative drainage breakthrough curves measured at the 30- and 40-cm depths in Column 3. Concentrations (g L–1) for the steady Jw = 3.0 cm d–1 transport experiment (diamonds) were predicted with ßs and concentrations for the dry (triangles) and wet (circles) transient Jw experiments were predicted with ß().

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Cumulative drainage (cm3 cm–2) associated with the leading edge of the breakthrough curves measured in all columns during the steady Jw = 3.0 cm d–1 transport experiment (diamonds), the dry transient Jw experiment (triangles), and the wet transient Jw experiment (circles).

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Cumulative drainage (cm3 cm–2) associated with the peak concentration of the breakthrough curves measured in all columns during the steady Jw = 3.0 cm d–1 transport experiment (diamonds), the dry transient Jw experiment (triangles), and the wet transient Jw experiment (circles).

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Variances [(cm3 cm–2)2] of the cumulative drainage probability density functions (pdfs) from all columns, representing the spread of the breakthrough curves measured during the steady Jw = 3.0 cm d–1 transport experiment (diamonds), the dry transient Jw experiment (triangles), and the wet transient Jw experiment (circles).

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12. Distributions of resident concentration with depth in all columns during the steady Jw = 3.0 cm d–1 transport experiment (diamonds), the dry transient Jw experiment (triangles), and the wet transient Jw experiment (circles).