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Variation of Surface Soil Quality Parameters by Intensive Donkey-Drawn Tillage on Steep Slope

^a Inst. of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
^b Biosolids Utilization and Soil Science Lab., Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, R&D Complex, 6001 W. Pershing Rd., Cicero, IL 60804-4112
^c USDA-ARS, N.C. Soil Conserv. Res. Lab., 803 Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267
^d Ecology-Center, Christian-Albrechts-Univers. Kiel, Schauenburger Str. 112, D-24118 Kiel, Germany

View larger version (149K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Tillage experiment plot (20 m by 15.5 m) established on a steep backslope within the Yangjuangou catchment. : Soil sampling points, --: DGPS measuring points, and : Tracer plot.

View larger version (147K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. A donkey-drawn moldboard-plow tillage system used in the tillage experiment.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Recovery of (a) blue and (b) red tracers at different soil depths and locations after 50 tillage operations.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Change in elevation along the downslope transect after 50 tillage operations.

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Surface soil bulk density along a downslope transect, as affected by number of tillage operations. Number following the capital letter T refers to the number of tillage operations. The columns carrying the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05.