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Lime and Soil Moisture Effects on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Urine Patch

^a Lincoln Univ., P.O. Box 84, Canterbury, New Zealand
^b Landcare Research, P.O. Box 69, Canterbury, New Zealand

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effect of initial soil pH on N2O-N fluxes from the large soil cores over time under (a) field capacity and (b) saturated soil water conditions. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. (N = 3).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Cumulative (a) N2O-N flux and (b) N2–N flux from the large soil cores after 85 d versus the initial soil pH. FC = field capacity, SAT = saturated. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. (N = 3). The dotted line represents linear regression of soil pH and cumulative N2 flux (P < 0.05, r2 = 0.26).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of initial soil pH on N2–N fluxes from large soil cores over time under saturated soil water conditions. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. (N = 3).

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effect of initial soil pH on the changes in inorganic N in the small soil cores over time and the inorganic N remaining in the large soil cores on Day 85. Data are the average of both water treatments. (a) NH4–N, (b) NO2–N, and (c) NO3–N soil concentrations are shown. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. (N = 6).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effect of soil water treatment on inorganic N in the small soil cores over time and the inorganic N remaining in the large soil cores on Day 85. Data are the average of all soil pH treatments. (a) NH4–N, (b) NO2–N, and (c) NO3–N are shown. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. (N = 15).

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Effect of water-filled pore space (WFPS) on the N2O-N flux at three times following urine application, during small soil core destructive analysis. Water-filled pore space is the average of the entire soil core. Data points represent individual replicates. Fitted line is an exponential regression [y = 0.003exp(0.103x), r2 = 0.8] for all data points.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Changes in initial soil surface pH over time following urine application. Data are average over both water treatments. Error bars represent the least significant difference between means at 1% level, N = 6.