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Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Porosity within Macroaggregates Modified by Tillage

Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Diagrammatic representation of the microflow cell for measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). The term L is the length of the embedded cylindrical soil aggregate, and d is the mean diameter of two cross-sectional areas measured at each end of soil aggregate.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Diagram of constant head reservoir and microflow cell connections for measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivities (Ks). The term H is the hydraulic head (50 cm).

View larger version (63K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Soil aggregate erosion chamber for mechanically abrading thin concentric layers from single aggregates. (A) Erosion chamber with knurled walls and screen at base with 352-µm openings (left) and base for retaining peeled materials (right). (B) Concentric layers at the exterior, transitional, and interior centers of soil aggregate.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Saturated hydraulic conductivities of soil aggregates, 6.3 to 9.5, 4 to 6.3, and 2 to 4 mm across, from the (A) Hoytville and (B) Wooster soil series. Bars are standard errors of three field replicates. CT, conventional tillage; NF, native forest; NT, no tillage.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Total intraaggregate porosities of whole aggregates subjected to reducing amounts of tillage for soil aggregates, 6.3 to 9.5, 4 to 6.3, and 2 to 4 mm across, sampled from (A) Hoytville and (B) Wooster soil series. Uppercase letters indicate significant differences among aggregate size fractions and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among management systems at P < 0.05. Bars designate standard errors of three field replicates. CT, conventional tillage; NF, native forest; NT, no tillage.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Total intraaggregate porosities among three concentric layers within whole aggregates from (A) Hoytville soils, 6.3 to 9.5 mm across, (B) Wooster soils, 4 to 6.3 mm across, and (C) Wooster soils, 6.3 to 9.5 mm across. Uppercase letters indicate significant differences among layers and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among management systems at P < 0.05. Bars designate the standard errors of three field replicates. CT, conventional tillage; NF, native forest; NT, no tillage.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Power law relationships between the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and the total porosities of macroaggregates ranging from 2 to 9.5 mm across for no tillage (NT) and native forest (NF) soils from Wooster and Hoytville. The solid line is a regression for NF and the dashed line is for NT.