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Equation for Describing Solute Transport in Field Soils with Preferential Flow Paths

^a Dep. of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Riley-Robb Hall, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, currently at Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN 37831
^b Dep. of Civil and Materials Engineering, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
^c Dep. of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Riley-Robb Hall, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853
^d Biological and Agricultural Systems Engineering, Florida A&M Univ., Tallahassee, FL 32307

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the flow process in the soil with preferential flow paths.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of the experimental setup.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Chloride breakthrough curves (BTCs) for undisturbed soil columns: (a) as a function of cumulative drainage, and (b) as a function of time (Exp. 1). The BTCs rising limbs for sand columns: (c) as a function of cumulative drainage, and (d) as a function of time. The BTCs falling limbs for sand columns: (e) as a function of cumulative drainage, and (f) as a function of time (Exp. 2). The BTCs for sand columns with chloride applied on the surface of the column: (g) as a function of cumulative drainage, and (h) as a function of time (Exp. 3). For (a) and (b), S represents the point where the rain with Cl was switched to regular acid rain. For (e) and (f), the y axis indicates the time after switching to the regular rain. C1 and C2 refer to Columns 1 and 2, respectively.

View larger version (87K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The number of fingers created at a depth of 14 cm with different flow rates. The left picture was taken after the rainfall rate of 0.3 cm/h during the third set of experiments (three fingers were delineated with a marker for convenience). The picture on the right is for the 1.8 cm/h of rainfall intensity in the second set of experiments. Under the higher rate of rain, fingers merged in the center of the column (dark area), but the outer edge of the column was still dry (bright area).

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Fitting results of the Generalized Preferential Flow Model (GPFM) and the Convective-Dispersive (CD) model for undisturbed soil Column 1 with the high rate (Exp. 1).

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Fitting results of the Generalized Preferential Flow Model (GPFM) and the Convective-Dispersive (CD) model for sand Column 1 with the high rate (Exp. 2).

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Fitting results of Generalized Preferential Flow Model (GPFM) and the Convective-Dispersive (CD) model for sand Column 1 with 1 cm/h rain (Exp. 3).

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. The water content in the distribution zone plotted as a function of the flux.