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Quantifying Pore-Size Spectrum of Macropore-Type Preferential Pathways

^a Dep. Soil Science, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1299
^b Hydrology Lab., USDA-ARS, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
^c Dep. Agronomy, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907
^d Dep. Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14850
^e National Soil Tilth Lab., USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011

View larger version (43K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Bromide breakthrough curve from tile drain under a 4.4 mm h–1 steady-state irrigation rate (from Gish et al., 2004). Calculated curve is best fit of Eq. [5] to data.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Tracer breakthrough curves from tile drain under a 2.4 mm h–1 steady-state irrigation rate. The o-TFMBA (o-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid) experiment was conducted in autumn 2001, while the PFBA (pentafluorobenzoic acid) experiment was conducted in spring 2002. Calculated curves are best fit of Eq. [5] to data.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA) breakthrough curve from tile drain under a 1.2 mm h–1 steady-state irrigation rate. Calculated curve is best fit of Eq. [5] to data.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Theoretical pore spectra based on constraints from conventional conceptualization as steady-state infiltration rates increase.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Pore spectra for three infiltration rates based on fitted parameters after relaxing initial constraints. The spectra labeled with show the difference between two adjacent spectra.

View larger version (52K): [in a new window]   Fig. A1. Three phases of convective transport of a chemical through a capillary tube. r is the distance from the center of the tube (m), r1 is the location where the new water front reaches the exit, and r2 is the location where the chemical front reaches the exit.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. A2. Typical mass flux breakthrough pattern during the three phases of convective transport of a chemical through a capillary tube.