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Evaluation of Mass Recovery Impacts on Transport Parameters Using Least-Squares Optimization and Moment Analysis

^a Agricultural and Food Engineering Dep., Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, WB, 721302, India
^b Land Resources and Environmental Sciences Dep., Montana State Univ., P.O. Box 173120, Bozeman, MT 59717-3120
^c Dep. of Agronomy, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506
^d Geology Dep., Univ. of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812
^e GEBJ Soil Salinity Lab., Riverside, CA 92507

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Measured solute breakthrough curves (BTCs) obtained from (A) laboratory and (B) field miscible displacement experiments, illustrating a range in typical solute transport behaviors and measurement characteristics. Symbols show observed BTCs, and the solid lines were generated by optimizing pore water velocity (v) and dispersion coefficient (D) using CXTFIT (Toride et al., 1995). PFBA = pentafluorobenzoic acid.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Comparison of solute transport parameters: (A) pore water velocity (v) and (B) dispersion coefficient (D) obtained by least-squares optimization (LSO) using CXTFIT (Toride et al., 1995) and by the method of moments (MOM), for 85 measured solute breakthrough curves. PFBA = pentafluorobenzoic acid.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Impact of the mass recovery fraction (MRF) on the relative difference in (A) pore water velocity (v) and (B) dispersion coefficient (D) estimated by the least-squares optimization (LSO) and the method of moments (MOM) approaches for 85 measured solute breakthrough curves. The subscripts indicate the estimation method (LSO or MOM) for the respective parameters. PFBA = pentafluorobenzoic acid.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Comparison of solute transport parameters pore water velocity (v) and dispersion coefficient (D) for surface soils (25-cm depth) of Ellsworth et al. (1996), obtained by least-squares optimization (LSO) using CXTFIT (Toride et al., 1995) and by the method of moments (MOM), after each of 39 solute BTCs were scaled by their respective zeroth moment.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Experimental breakthrough curves collected from a (A) repacked and (B) undisturbed soil column under laboratory conditions. The vertical lines show the points truncated to generate BTCs with incomplete mass recoveries. The arrow in the bottom panel (B) shows the point of truncation corresponding to 100% mass recovery.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Percentage errors in estimated dispersion coefficients, using the least-squares method (filled squares) and the method of moments (filled triangles), are plotted as a function of percentage error in mass recovery fraction for transport of tritiated water through a (A) repacked and (B) undisturbed soil column.