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Percolation Treatment of Charge Transfer in Humidified Smectite Clays

^a Dep. of Physics and Dep. of Geology, Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH 45435
^b National Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Diagram of possible pathways for proton transfer (a) along interlayer face through fill water away from interlayer cation, or (b) in two-dimensions passing close to cation.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Measured and predicted electrical conductivity spectra at the four humidity levels for Ca-hectorite showing the offset for the highest three humidity levels.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relation between the exponent s and the activation energy.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The dc electrical conductivity as a function of the characteristic angular frequency, c.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. The electrical conductivity at the phonon frequency minus the dc electrical conductivity as a function of the dc electrical conductivity minus the offset.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Predicted dc electrical conductivity as a function of measured: (a) predicted with no prefactor vs. measured minus offset (0.015 S m–1) forced through origin; (b) predicted percolation basal spacing with offset including samples with zero spacing (solid) or mean water content (dashed) as a function of measured; (c) predicted basal spacing not including samples with zero spacing.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Relation between 40phlwvph/[qr0(4 + w)] and ph as described in Eq. [20].