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Organic Matter Study of Whole Soil Samples Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy

^a Embrapa Agricultural Instrumentation, P.O. Box. 741, 13560-970, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
^b Federal Univ. of São Carlos, P.O. Box. 676, 13565-905, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
^c Univ. of São Paulo, Chemistry Institute of São Carlos, P.O. Box. 369, 13560-970, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
^d Soil Science Dep., Federal Univ. of Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15100, 90001-970, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
^e Embrapa West Agriculture, 79804-970, Dourados-MS, Brazil

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the home-assembled apparatus for laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of the untreated whole soil sample compared with the LIF spectrum (a) of the hydrogen peroxide-treated sample and (b) of the thermally treated sample. The fluorescence emission intensity is given in arbitrary units (a.u.).

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relationship between the C concentration and the corresponding area of the LIF spectra (ALIF) of whole soil samples. ALIF is given in arbitrary units (a.u.).

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Correlation between the humification index determined by LIF spectroscopy (HLIF) in whole soil samples and the humification index A4/A1 (Zsolnay et al., 1999) determined by conventional fluorescence in the corresponding humic acid samples at (a) Costa Rica and (b) Dourados sites. The indexes are expressed as arbitrary units (a.u.).

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Correlation between the humification index determined by LIF spectroscopy (HLIF) in whole soil samples and the humification index I454/I399 (Kalbitz et al., 1999) determined by conventional fluorescence in the corresponding humic acid samples at (a) Costa Rica and (b) Dourados sites. The indexes are expressed as arbitrary units (a.u.).

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Correlation between the humification index determined by LIF spectroscopy (HLIF) in whole soil samples and the humification index A465 (Milori et al., 2002) determined by conventional fluorescence in the corresponding humic acid samples at (a) Costa Rica and (b) Dourados sites. The indexes are expressed as arbitrary units (a.u.).

View larger version (49K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Soil organic matter humification index obtained through LIF spectroscopy (HLIF) as affected by land use and soil management systems in (a) experiment A and (b) experiment B of Dourados and (c) in the experiment of Costa Rica. The HLIF is expressed as arbitrary units (a.u.).