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Published online 23 May 2006
Published in Soil Sci Soc Am J 70:1222-1226 (2006)
DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2005.0130
© 2006 Soil Science Society of America
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Indicator of Reduction in Soil (IRIS)

Evaluation of a New Approach for Assessing Reduced Conditions in Soil

Karen L. Castensona,* and Martin C. Rabenhorstb

a Dep. of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Rm. 242 Ag. Science, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
b Dep. of Natural Resources and Landscape Architecture, Univ. of Maryland, 1112 H.J. Patterson Hall, College Park, MD 20742


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. EH-pH diagram showing the stability fields for hematite ({alpha} Fe2O3), goethite ({alpha} FeOOH), and ferrihydrite (~Fe(OH)3) [assumed Fe(II) activity 10–6M] (Lindsay, 1979; Schwertmann and Cornell, 2000). Also plotted is the line adopted as part of the technical standard for hydric soils (National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils, 2000).

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Image displaying the removal of ferrihydrite paint from an IRIS tube from White Clay Creek (middle well) removed 23 June 2003. The top of tube is on the left; the scale is in centimeters.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Proportion of 10-cm sections of IRIS tubes observed in soils that were reducing (dashed) or oxidizing (solid) versus the percentage of the IRIS tube area from which substantial iron oxide paint has been removed.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Soil organic C content in the upper meter of the study sites. Within the zone where IRIS tubes were installed (0–50 cm), the median organic C content is 14.6 g kg–1 and the minimum value is 4.0 g kg–1.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Soil temperature at the Middle Patuxent River site over the period of study. Data at the other two sites were very similar to these data. Soil temperatures range between 2 and 20°C.

 




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