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Clay Mineralogy, Ionic Composition, and pH Effects on Hydraulic Properties of Depositional Seals

^a Faculty of Sciences, Univ. da Coruña, A Zapateira s/n 15071, Spain
^b Inst. of Soil, Water and Environ. Science, The Volcani Centre, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Relative flow rate of the silt loam leached with detrimental and nondetrimental solutions, as functions of cumulative leachate. Bars indicate one standard deviation.

View larger version (37K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Relative flow rates through the columns during leaching with montmorlillonite and illite suspensions with various exchangeable sodium percentages and electrolyte concentrations. Bars indicate one standard deviation.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relative flow rates through the columns during leaching with kaolinite suspensions with various exchangeable sodium percentages (ESP) and pHs as functions of cumulative leachate. Bars indicate one standard deviation.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The pH of the leachate as a function of cumulative leachate during leaching of the soil with kaolinite suspensions of various pH levels. Bars indicate one standard deviation.

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Hydraulic resistance of the depositional seal as a function of the exchangeable sodium percentage for the suspensions prepared with various electrolyte concentrations: (A) montmorillonite; (B) illite. Bars indicate one standard deviation.

View larger version (13K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Hydraulic resistance of the depositional seal as a function of pH of the suspension for Ca- and Na-kaolinite. Bars indicate one standard deviation. Values for each saturating cation followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different at P < 0.05. Values for each pH followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different at P < 0.05.