Fig. 1 The ideal quantity–intensity plot for NH₄, where NH₄ = the amount of NH₄ adsorbed or released from the soil; AR_NH4 = activity ratio, i.e. (NH₄)/(Ca+Mg)^1/2 in solution; AR^o_NH4 = equilibrium activity ratio; PBC = linear potential buffering capacity for NH₄; -NH^o₄ = labile NH₄, and NH_4-sas = specific adsorption sites

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